Smelting Pyrometallurgy

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smelting involves thermal reactions in @ least 1 product molten phase.


metal oxides can smelted heating coke or charcoal (forms of carbon), reducing agent liberates oxygen carbon dioxide leaving refined mineral. concern production of carbon dioxide recent worry, following identification of enhanced greenhouse effect.


carbonate ores smelted charcoal, need calcined first.


other materials may need added flux, aiding melting of oxide ores , assisting in formation of slag, flux reacts impurities, such silicon compounds.


smelting takes place @ temperature above melting point of metal, processes vary considerably according ore involved , other matters.







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