Kingdom of Cusco Inca Empire
under leadership of manco cápac, inca formed small city-state kingdom of cusco (quechua qusqu , qosqo). in 1438, began far-reaching expansion under command of sapa inca (paramount leader) pachacuti-cusi yupanqui, name literally meant earth-shaker . name of pachacuti given him after conquered tribe of chancas (modern apurímac). during reign, , son tupac yupanqui brought of andes mountains (roughly modern peru , ecuador) under inca control.
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