Grammar Bengali language

1 grammar

1.1 word order
1.2 nouns
1.3 verbs

grammar

bengali nouns not assigned gender, leads minimal changing of adjectives (inflection). however, nouns , pronouns moderately declined (altered depending on function in sentence) 4 cases while verbs heavily conjugated, , verbs not change form depending on gender of nouns.

word order

as head-final language, bengali follows subject–object–verb word order, although variations theme common. bengali makes use of postpositions, opposed prepositions used in english , other european languages. determiners follow noun, while numerals, adjectives, , possessors precede noun.

yes-no questions not require change basic word order; instead, low (l) tone of final syllable in utterance replaced falling (hl) tone. additionally, optional particles (e.g. কি -ki, না -na, etc.) encliticized onto first or last word of yes-no question.

wh-questions formed fronting wh-word focus position, typically first or second word in utterance.

nouns

nouns , pronouns inflected case, including nominative, objective, genitive (possessive), , locative. case marking pattern each noun being inflected depends on noun s degree of animacy. when definite article such -টা -ṭa (singular) or -গুলা -gula (plural) added, in tables below, nouns inflected number.

when counted, nouns take 1 of small set of measure words. similar japanese, nouns in bengali cannot counted adding numeral directly adjacent noun. noun s measure word (mw) must used between numeral , noun. nouns take generic measure word -টা -ṭa, though other measure words indicate semantic classes (e.g. -জন -jôn humans).

measuring nouns in bengali without corresponding measure words (e.g. আট বিড়াল aṭ biṛal instead of আটটা বিড়াল aṭ-ṭa biṛal 8 cats ) typically considered ungrammatical. however, when semantic class of noun understood measure word, noun omitted , measure word used, e.g. শুধু একজন থাকবে। shudhu êk-jôn thakbe. (lit. one-mw remain. ) understood mean 1 person remain. , given semantic class implicit in -জন -jôn.

in sense, nouns in bengali, unlike other indo-european languages, similar mass nouns.

verbs

there 2 classes of verbs: finite , non-finite. non-finite verbs have no inflection tense or person, while finite verbs inflected person (first, second, third), tense (present, past, future), aspect (simple, perfect, progressive), , honor (intimate, familiar, , formal), not number. conditional, imperative, , other special inflections mood can replace tense , aspect suffixes. number of inflections on many verb roots can total more 200.

inflectional suffixes in morphology of bengali vary region region, along minor differences in syntax.

bengali differs indo-aryan languages in 0 copula, copula or connective missing in present tense. thus, teacher সে শিক্ষক se shikkhôk, (literally teacher ). in respect, bengali similar russian , hungarian. romani grammar closest bengali grammar.