Intrathecal infusion Interventional pain management

a patient-controlled analgesia infusion pump, configured epidural administration of fentanyl , bupivacaine

delivery of opioid such morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, sufentanyl or meperidine directly subarachnoid cavity (the space between spinal cord s inner, waterproof sheath , outer protective sheaths) provides enhanced analgesia reduced systemic side effects, , has reduced level of pain in otherwise intractable cases. anxiolytic clonidine, or nonopioid analgesic ziconotide, , local anesthetics such bupivacaine, ropivacaine or tetracaine may infused along opioid.