Country initiatives Natural capital accounting

1 country initiatives

1.1 argentina
1.2 australia
1.3 britain
1.4 brazil
1.5 canada
1.6 china
1.7 european union
1.8 france
1.9 germany
1.10 india
1.11 indonesia
1.12 italy
1.13 japan
1.14 republic of korea
1.15 mexico
1.16 russia
1.17 saudi arabia
1.18 south africa
1.19 turkey
1.20 united states of america

country initiatives

many countries undertaking projects develop environmental accounts, integrate them national accounts or create environmentally-adjusted macroeconomic indicators, including green gdp. adopters of integrated environmental-economic accounts include netherlands, france, , philippines. section documents initiatives undertaken by, or concerning g20 countries.

argentina

a team of researchers @ university of buenos aires , conicet organized arklems+land project. research, based on klems database framework (capital, labour, energy, material , service inputs), measures , analyses sources of economic growth, productivity , competitiveness in argentinian economy. database includes contributions of “natural resource land , subsoil assets” services gdp growth.

professor george santopietro, @ radford university in virginia, examined several alternative methods estimating resource rent , relatedly, depletion costs of natural capital. methods engages are: net price, el serafy’s depletion cost, sustainable price, transaction value , replacement cost. derives data privatization of yacimientos petroliferos fiscales (ypf), argentina’s state-owned oil enterprise, , using each method, generates estimated resource rent , depletion cost values argentina’s reserves of petroleum. results show net price , transaction value methods overvalue resource rent of petroleum reserves. concludes rent should derived using value of firm’s stock.

australia

several australian organizations produce national environmental accounts. australian bureau of statistics produces water account australia , pilot land account great barrier reef, both of based on seea framework. bureau of meteorology produces complementary national water account on water available used. department of climate change , energy efficiency reports on greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions. wentworth group of concerned scientists has created trial, environmental accounting model can applied regions of size. these regional accounts use common unit of measurement, allows comparisons made between different natural capital assets. victorian department of sustainability , environment in process of developing experimental ecosystem accounts.

the energy , water accounts found on national balance sheet produced annually. well, subsoil assets, timber producing logs, , land valued monetarily, , included on non-produced assets in national balance sheet. australian bureau of statistics (abs) working several other national departments on national plan environmental information (npei), state of environment report, , planning national environmental accounts.

in 2012, following adoption of seea international statistical standard, australian bureau of statistics (abs) published report titled “completing picture – environmental accounting in practice,” develops number of accounting tables rooted in seea formatting, , explores how these influence policy decisions.

britain

the uk produces environmental accounts, consistent seea framework, separated 3 dimensions: natural resource accounts, physical flows , monetary accounts. majority of data measured in physical units; monetary units used relevant, , if necessary data available.

the current environmental asset accounts produced office national statistics (ons) are: oil , gas reserves, forestry , land cover. in 2012, ons planned run study on producing full ecosystem account, high priority on physical , monetary forestry accounts. office set out series of goals include land use , cover accounts in 2013 environmental accounts.

the uk national ecosystem assessment (nea) two-year initiative 2009 2011 assessed benefits of natural environment society , economy.

the government has pledged develop full uk environmental accounts 2020. work being led office national statistics (ons) , department environment, food , rural affairs (defra). uk natural capital committee providing advice inform project. in december 2012, ons published roadmap set out work-plan project. incorporation of natural capital national accounts, if done properly, enable high level picture obtained of trends in state of nation’s natural assets through time. in turn demonstrate implications of actions impacting on natural environment , may, therefore, encourage policy-makers ensure natural assets in future used sustainably through appropriate use of policy levers.

the natural capital committee developing methodology corporate natural capital accounting. undertaking pilot project throughout 2014 range of organisations test , refine methodology , encouraging organisations own or manage land develop corporate natural capital accounts.

brazil

despite reports brazil produce green gdp in lead-up rio+20, there no indication process undertaken.

canada

statistics canada not redefine or supplement existing national accounts aggregates environmental information. however, has developed canadian system of environmental , resource accounts (csera), “provides information may wish calculate such “green aggregates.”” includes estimates of land in tangible non-produced assets section of canadian balance sheet.

the csera has 3 dimensions: natural resource stock accounts; material , energy flow accounts; , environmental protection expenditure accounts. natural resource stock accounts measured in physical , monetary units. these, in turn, comprise natural resource wealth estimates included on national balance sheet accounts.

in 2005, pembina institute published report on canada boreal initiative, sought quantify full economic value of goods , services provided canada’s boreal region. boreal ecosystem wealth accounting system (bewas) constructed purpose. considered physical conditions in boreal region using physical inventory , spatial data. two-year study approximated market value, 2002, of region’s forestry, mining, oil , gas, , hydroelectric generation sectors @ $48.9 billion. same time period, estimated net market value of natural capital extraction @ $37.8 billion , non-market value of ecosystem services @ $93.2 billion.

professor nancy olewiler, @ simon fraser university, conducted several case studies value natural capital in settled areas of canada. agricultural lands case studies found total net value of conservation efforts approximately $195/ha/yr in ontario grand river watershed, $65/ha/yr in upper assiniboine river basin , $126/ha/yr in prince edward island mill river watershed.

china

in 1997, beijing authorities carried out project assessing city’s green gdp. set series of precedents environmentally adjusted indicators in country. on next decade, several regional pilot projects undertaken local authorities. between 2001 , 2004, chinese authorities worked statistics norway carry out green gdp assessment of chongqing.

then, in 2004, green gdp accounting research project launched state environmental protection administration of china (sepa) , national bureau of statistics (nbs). findings, released in china green national accounting study report 2004 in 2006, reported environmental pollution cost economy 511.8 billion yuan or 3.5% of gdp in 2004. breakdown of figure shows water pollution, air pollution, , solid waste , accidents cost 286.28 billion yuan, 219.8 billion yuan, , 5.74 billion yuan, respectively. according report, ten of items project intended distinguish accounted for. costs of resource depletion , ecological damage not included in calculations because of methodological difficulties, limited technological capabilities , lack of relevant data.

at same time report released, sepa vice minister zhu guangya issued independent report stating each year, environmental damage in country cost approximately 10% of gdp. estimate consistent 1 scientists, economists , world bank had expected, of 8-12% of gdp.

the government withdrew official support green gdp in 2007, after results showed reduction of growth rates in provinces zero. did not release official green gdp report 2005, had been scheduled publication in march 2007.

reports have periodically surfaced re-calculating china’s green gdp. in 2007, all-china environment federation (acef) called on national development , reform commission (ndrc) carry out national accounting system. ‘’china daily’’ reported ministry of environmental protection valued cost of pollution economy @ 1.4 trillion yuan in 2009.

starting in 1998, nbs developed rudimentary environmental accounts in forestry , energy. since then, nbs has expanded environmental accounts include pollution treatment, water, , minerals, along development of comprehensive seea china.

european union

the interaction between eurostat , national statistical offices of eu member states formalized in 2011, adoption of regulation no 691 on european environmental economic accounts. requires member states report data , accounts on air emissions, taxes related environment, , material flows 2012. eurostat constructing environmental accounts expressed in physical , monetary terms, , asset accounts, step towards developing regional seea.

the creation of inclusive wealth indicators recognized priority of eu. proposed 7th environment action programme (eap) of ec explicitly identifies issue, calling further development , integration of economic , environmental indicators. shared environmental information system (seis) proposes streamline collection of data required designing environmental indicators. eu committed aichi accord @ cbd cop-10, in parties agree integrate biodiversity national accounts. on top of experimental ecosystem accounting framework launched in 2009. european environment agency (eea) proposed given compatibility of design sna, possible use 1 particular indicator, consumption of ecosystem capital (cec) adjust national accounts aggregates create, in particular, cec adjusted net domestic product , cec adjusted net national income.

the ec communication roadmap resource efficient europe sets 2020 year businesses, along public authorities, account natural capital , ecosystem services.

france

the french ministry of sustainable development produces satellite, environmental-economic accounts each year. however, planning on expanding accounts correspond seea (2012). national institute of statistics , economics includes estimates of land, subsoil assets, , non-cultivated bio , water resources in tangible non-produced assets section of french balance sheet.

from 2008 2010, exploratory study on ecosystem valuation carried out. in accordance adoption of aichi accord @ cbd cop-10, french national biodiversity strategy target 7 set “include preservation of biodiversity in economic decisions.” ministry of sustainable development presently consulting stakeholders , refining methodological options in order begin assembling physical ecosystem assessments. annual expert workshops on monetary valuation , economic instruments organized ministry.

germany

the german environmental economic accounts (geea) follow seea framework. data these accounts, along german socio-economic accounts, used calculate indicator set, outlined in national strategy sustainable development (2002). while no adjusted macroeconomic aggregates estimated in geea, 2 of geea indicators embedded national accounts: productivity of energy , raw materials, , transport intensity , share of railways in providing transport.

india

an expert group, led ihdp scientific committee chairman professor partha dasgupta, in process of developing system “green” india’s national accounts. plans adjust gdp account environmental costs , impacts 2015. of issues group address include establishing coordination mechanisms within country , international partners, , standardizing data collection , valuation methodologies.

the green accounting indian states project (gaisp) first initiative of green indian states trust (gist), ngo started in 2004. project used data indian national databases measure sustainable development , create green accounts @ state-level consistent seea-2003 guidelines. following this, gist calculated green gdp total adjusted traditional indicator “all major externalities.”

the south asian network development , environmental economics (sandee) , indian society ecological economics operate in india, although sandee based in nepal. both networks conduct research on , analyses of environmental accounting, instructive teachers, researchers , members of policy community.

indonesia

members of world resources institute, led david repetto, integrated environmental effects indonesia’s national accounts in 1990. subtracted net natural resource depreciation petroleum, timber, , soils sectors gdp estimate environmentally-adjusted ndp. found estimates of net income , growth of net income overstated when calculated using conventional accounts.

in 1997, united nations university-institute of advanced studies (unu-ias) measured environmental impacts of industrialization , trade in indonesia (along china , japan). in study, unu-ias constructed international environmental input-output model asia pacific region, , this, able compile preliminary seea , green gdp approximation. in 1990, environmental costs equal 4.9% of ndp indonesia. in particular, changes in land use , oil exploitation major costs.

since 2002, statistics indonesia (bps) has produced several indicators of sustainable development reports, based on 134 un commission on sustainable development indicators developed un department of economic , social affairs. bps regularly generates environmental statistics , statistics of marine , coastal resources.

italy

the national institute of statistics (istat) constructs 3 types of environmental accounting modules: material flows (mfa), environmental account matrix integrated national economic account (namea), , expenditure estimate environmental protection (seriee-epea).

in 1999, silvia teizzi @ university of sienna applied method of monetary valuation externalities arising agricultural production in italy. separately estimated shadow price , quantity externalities , calculated values between each year between 1961 , 1991. subtracted these figures value added of agricultural sector “as first step towards correction of national accounting aggregates take environmental degradation account.”

in case study on trento, italy, professors andrea francesconi , paolo penasa analyze accounting schemes environmental expenditures developed local governments in italy. under local agenda 21 process, city , local environmental accounting , reporting (clear) project , contaroma project undertaken italian municipalities. clear project started in 2001 pair financial statements of municipalities environmental report. clear method reclassified aforementioned financial statements such expenditures environmental purposes identified, , compiled separate monetary accounts. similarly, contaroma project developed environmental accounting system municipal budget of rome.

japan

in 1995, japanese economic planning agency made initial estimates of seea , green gdp 1985 1990. in 1998, extended estimates 1970 1995. according these calculations, environmental costs in japan fell 8% of ndp in 1970 1% in 1995.

the e-10 official economic-environmental accounts produced japanese ministry of environment. based on data compiled 10 government ministries, , describe environmental burden of particular natural resources in physical units. there 3 tables make e-10: basic transaction table; resource , environmental burden tables; , supplementary tables.

the statistics bureau of japan includes estimates of land in tangible non-produced assets section of japanese balance sheet.

republic of korea

in 2001, korean ministry of environment planned introduce environmentally-adjusted gdp indicator. began developing seea (korseea) in 2002, , development of economy-wide material flow accounts, , namea took place in following years. several government institutions , departments provide economic , environmental data required korseea. statistics korea includes estimates of land, subsoil assets, , non-cultivated bio , water resources in tangible non-produced assets section of koreah balance sheet.

the korea rural economic institute calculated green gdp of korean agricultural sector in period 1980 1997 using pilot economic-environmental accounts. environmental adjustment in study limited subtraction of “degradation costs of natural resources” ndp. report ratio of environmentally adjusted domestic product ndp decreases 100.6% 99.5% in agricultural sector during specified period.

mexico

in 1985, un, world bank , mexican government executed joint pilot project using 1985 data produce 2 environmentally-adjusted indicators: resource depletion subtracted ndp , environmental degradation subtracted ndp.

the mexican system of economic , ecological accounts (mseea) started in 1988, , has been published annually since 1991. national institute of statistics , geography of mexico (inegi) have used accounts derive key information environmental sustainability in country. yearly environmental costs equal 8.5% of gdp. since 2003, inegi has calculated yearly green gdp aggregate. between 2003 , 2009, ratio of green gdp gdp increased 90.4% 92.1%. inegi reports while scope of action should increased, trend reflects successful efforts of government reduce impacts negatively affect environment.

russia

the federal state statistics service (rosstat) includes estimates of land , non-cultivated bio , water resources in tangible non-produced assets section of russian balance sheet. rosstat has outlined series of priorities developing russian seea. highest priority asset accounts, , respect environment, particular record of environmental protection expenditures. after 2015, basis integration appear creation of input-output tables. physical flow accounts medium priority; further development depend on completion of input-output tables , whether new surveys introduced on time. while accounts extended sna aggregates, such depletion or degradation of natural capital being given conceptual consideration, lowest priority of rosstat.

saudi arabia

saudi arabia has not undertaken relevant initiatives.

south africa

the environmental-economic accounts developed in national accounts division of statistics south africa (sa). information accounts sourced various government departments, surveys , geographic , spatial data. according 2011 report united nations, environmental statistics not mainstream priority country, , statistics sa not have adequate resources collect environmental data. additionally, “lengthy institutionalization process” has prevented publication of official reports.

turkey

the turkish statistical institute produces range of environmental statistics.

united states of america

in 1992, bureau of economic analysis within department of commerce began intensively developing environmental accounting methodologies. however, congress directed department suspend activities in area in 1994, after first u.s. integrated environmental , economic satellite accounts published. ordered external review of environmental accounting. review, nature’s numbers: expanding national economic accounts include environment concluded in 1999.

william nordhaus (nature’s numbers), along nicholas muller , robert mendelsohn, co-authored study on integrating environmental externalities sna. model estimates gross damages air pollution in each industry in united states. estimates damages activities such combustion of waste, sewage treatment , firing power plants oil or coal larger value added. largest externalities, damages range 0.8 5.6 times value added, arise coal-fired electric generation.