Dual-process accounts of reasoning Dual process theory

1 dual-process accounts of reasoning

1.1 background
1.2 systems

1.2.1 system 1
1.2.2 system 2 in humans

dual-process accounts of reasoning
background

the dual-process accounts of reasoning posits there 2 systems or minds in 1 brain. theory of 2 distinct kinds of reasoning has been around long documentations theories of reasoning go. current theory there 2 distinctively separate cognitive systems underlying thinking , reasoning , these different systems developed through evolution. these systems referred implicit , explicit or more neutral system 1 , system 2, coined stanovich , west.

systems

the systems have multiple names can called, many different properties.

differences between system 1 , system 2

system 1

bargh (1994) reconceptualized notion of automatic process breaking down term automatic 4 components: awareness, intentionality, efficiency, , controllability. 1 way process labeled automatic person unaware of it. there 3 ways in person may unaware of mental process: can unaware of presence of stimulus (subliminal), how stimulus categorized or interpreted (unaware of activation of stereotype or trait constructs), or effect stimulus has on person s judgments or actions (misattribution). way mental process labeled automatic unintentional. intentionality refers conscious start of process. automatic process may begin without person consciously willing start. third component of automaticity efficiency. efficiency refers amount of cognitive resources required process. automatic process efficient because requires few resources. fourth component controllability, referring person s conscious ability stop process. automatic process uncontrollable, meaning process run until completion , person not able stop it. bargh (1994) conceptualizes automaticity component view (any combination awareness, intention, efficiency, , control) opposed historical concept of automaticity all-or-none dichotomy.

system 2 in humans

system 2 evolutionarily recent , specific humans. known explicit system, rule-based system, rational system, or analytic system. performs more slow , sequential thinking. domain-general, performed in central working memory system. because of this, has limited capacity , slower system 1 correlates general intelligence. known rational system because reasons according logical standards. overall properties associated system 2 rule-based, analytic, controlled, demanding of cognitive capacity, , slow.