Cheras of Venadu Chera dynasty

in absence of central power @ makkotai, divisions of chera kingdom emerged principalities under separate chieftains. post-chera period witnessed gradual decadence of nambudiri-brahmans , rise of nairs.

the original chera dynasty migrated kollam (quilon) , merged ay kingdom. ramavarma kulasekhara, last chera king of makotaiya puram (kodungaloor), became first ruler of chera-ai dynasty , called ramar thiruvadi.

the rulers of kingdom of venadu, based @ port quilon in southern kerala, trace relations perumals of makkotai. venadu ruler kotha varma (1102–1125) conquered kottar , portions of nanjanadu pandyas. under reign of vira ravi varma system of government became efficient, , village assemblies functioned vigorously. udaya marthanda varma s tenure noted close relationship between venadu , pandyas. time of ravi kerala varma (1215–1240), odanadu kingdom had acknowledged authority of venadu rulers. next venadu ruler padmanabha marthanda varma alleged have been killed vikrama pandya in 1264 ce.

the pandyas led successful military expedition venadu , captured capital city of quilon between 1250 , 1300 ce. records of jatavarman sundara pandya , maravarman kulasekhara pandya testify establishment of pandya rule on venadu cheras.