Events 1931

1 events

1.1 january
1.2 february
1.3 march
1.4 april
1.5 may
1.6 june
1.7 july
1.8 august
1.9 september
1.10 october
1.11 november
1.12 december
1.13 date unknown

events
january


january – national committee modification of volstead act formed work repeal of prohibition in united states.
january 2 – south dakota native ernest lawrence invents cyclotron, used accelerate particles study nuclear physics.
january 3 – albert einstein begins doing research @ california institute of technology, along astronomer edwin hubble.
january 4 – german pilot elly beinhorn begins flight africa.
january 6 – thomas edison submits last patent application.
january 22 – sir isaac isaacs sworn in first australian-born governor-general of australia.
january 25 – mohandas gandhi again released imprisonment in india.
january 27 – pierre laval forms government in france.
january 30 – release of movie city lights starring charlie chaplin.

february


february 3 – hawke s bay earthquake: of new zealand cities of napier , hastings destroyed in earthquake measuring 7.9 on richter scale killing 256 people.
february 4 – soviet leader joseph stalin gives speech calling rapid industrialization, arguing strong industrialized countries win wars while weak nations beaten . stalin states : fifty or hundred years behind advanced countries. must make distance in ten years. either it, or crush us. intensification of first five-year plan in soviet union industrialization , collectivization of agriculture.
february 10 – official inauguration ceremonies new delhi capital of india begin.
february 11 – national socialist (nsdap) , german national people s party (dnvp) members walk out of german reichstag in protest against changes in parliament s protocol intended limit heckling.
february 12 – vatican radio first broadcasts.
february 14 – original film version of dracula bela lugosi released in united states.
february 16 – pehr evind svinhufvud elected president of finland.
february 20 – california gets go-ahead united states congress build san francisco–oakland bay bridge.
february 21 – peruvian revolutionaries hijack ford trimotor aeroplane , demand pilot drop propaganda leaflets on lima.


february 10: new delhi becomes india s capital



february 21: ford trimotor hijacked


march


march 1 – uss arizona placed in full commission after refit.
march 1 – sir oswald mosley founds new party breakaway labour party in united kingdom.
march 3 – star-spangled banner adopted united states national anthem.
march 5 – british viceroy of india , mohandas gandhi sign gandhi–irwin pact.
march 7 – new house of representatives opens in helsinki, finland.
march 11 – ready labour , defence of ussr programme, abbreviated gto, introduced in soviet union.
march 17 – nevada legalizes gambling.
march 19 – westminster st george s by-election in u.k. results in victory of conservative candidate duff cooper. by-election has been treated virtually referendum on leadership of conservative leader stanley baldwin, , duff cooper s victory ends campaign press barons lord beaverbrook , viscount rothermere oust baldwin.
march 23 – indian revolutionary leaders bhagat singh, shivaram rajguru , sukhdev thapar hanged conspiracy murder in british raj.
march 25 – scottsboro boys arrested in alabama , charged rape.
march 27 – english writer arnold bennett dies of typhoid in london shortly after returning visit paris, drank local water prove safe.
march 31 – earthquake destroys managua, nicaragua, killing 2,000 people.

april


april 1 – second encirclement campaign against jiangxi soviet in china launched kuomintang government destroy communist forces in jiangxi province.
april 6 – portuguese government declares martial law in madeira , in azores because of attempted military takeover in funchal.
april 9 – argentinian anarchist severino digiovanni executed.
april 12 – municipal elections in spain, treated virtual referendum on monarchy, result in triumph republican parties.
april 14 – second spanish republic proclaimed in madrid. meanwhile, result of victory of republican left of catalonia, francesc macià proclaims in barcelona catalan republic, state of iberian federation.
april 15 – castellammarese war ends murder of joe boss masseria, briefly leaving salvatore maranzano capo dei capi ( boss of bosses ) of american mafia. maranzano himself murdered less 6 months later, leading creation of commission.
april 17 – after negotiations between republican ministers of spain , catalonia, catalan republic becomes generalitat of catalonia, catalan autonomous government inside spanish republic.
april 22 – austria, uk, denmark, germany, italy, sweden , united states recognize spanish republic.
april 25 – automobile manufacturer porsche founded ferdinand porsche in stuttgart.

may


may 1: empire state building completed.



may 1 – construction of empire state building completed in new york city.
may 4 – kemal atatürk re-elected president of turkey.
may 5 – İsmet İnönü forms new government in turkey (7th government).
may 11 – creditanstalt, austria s largest bank, goes bankrupt, beginning banking collapse in central europe causes worldwide financial meltdown.
may 13 – paul doumer elected president of france.
may 14 – Ådalen shootings: 5 people killed in Ådalen, sweden, when soldiers open fire on unarmed trade union demonstration.
may 15

the chinese communists inflict sharp defeat on kuomintang forces.
pope pius xi issues encyclical quadragesimo anno on reconstruction of social order .


may 31 – second encirclement campaign against jiangxi soviet ends in defeat of kuomintang.

june


june 3 – salvador dalí s persistence of memory put on display first time in paris @ galerie pierre colle.
june 5 – german chancellor dr. heinrich brüning visits london, warns british prime minister ramsay macdonald collapse of austrian banking system, caused bankruptcy of creditanstalt, has left entire german banking system on verge of collapse.
june 12 – english cricketer charlie parker equals j. t. hearne s record earliest date reach 100 wickets.
june 14 – saint-philibert disaster: overloaded pleasure craft saint-philibert, carrying trippers home nantes Île de noirmoutier, sinks @ mouth of river loire in france; on 450 drown.
june 19

in attempt stop banking crisis in central europe causing worldwide financial meltdown, u.s. president herbert hoover issues hoover moratorium.
the geneva convention (1929) relative treatment of prisoners of war enters force.


june 23–july 1 – wiley post , harold gatty accomplish first round-the-world flight in single-engine plane, flying eastabout roosevelt field, new york, in 8 days, 15 hours, 51 minutes.

july


july – john haven emerson of cambridge, massachusetts perfects negative pressure ventilator ( iron lung ) in time growing polio epidemic.
july 1 – rebuilt milano centrale railway station officially opens in italy.
july 9 – irish racing driver kaye don breaks world water speed record @ lake garda, italy.
july 13 – royal soldiers shoot , kill 22 people demonstrating against maharaja hari singh of indian princely state of kashmir , jammu.
july 16 – emperor haile selassie signs first constitution of ethiopia.
july 26 – millennialist bible student movement adopts name jehovah s witnesses @ meeting in columbus, ohio.
july 31 – may report in united kingdom recommends extensive cuts government expenditure. produces political crisis many members of labour party (at time in government) object proposals.

august


the 1931 china floods reach peak in possibly deadliest natural disaster yet recorded.
warner brothers releases first merrie melodies cartoon, lady, play mandolin.
august 2 murder of paul anlauf , franz lenck, 2 berlin police officers killed communists.
august 9 – referendum in prussia dissolving landtag ends yes side winning 37% of vote, insufficient calling elections. elections intended remove social democratic party (spd) government of otto braun, 1 of strongest forces democracy in germany. supporting yes side nsdap, dnvp , communist party (kpd) while supporting no side spd , zentrum.
august 11 – run on british pound leads political , economic crisis in britain. (see european banking crisis of 1931) leading ...
august 24 – labour government of ramsay macdonald resigns in britain, replaced national government of people drawn parties, under macdonald.

september


september 18: mukden incident: incident museum in shenyang



september 5 – john thomson, scottish football player, dies result of accident during celtic–rangers match.
september 7 – second round table conference on constitutional future of india opens in london. mahatma gandhi represents indian national congress.
september 10 – worst hurricane in british honduras history kills estimated 1,500.
september 15 – invergordon mutiny: strikes called in british royal navy due decreased pay.
september 16 – hanging of resistance leader omar mukhtar in italian libya.
september 18

japanese military stage mukden incident pretext japanese invasion of manchuria.
geli raubal commits suicide in uncle adolf hitler s apartment.


september 20 – gun literally pointed head chinese commander of kirin province announces annexation of territory japan.
september 22 – united kingdom abandons gold standard.

october


october – caltech department of physics faculty , graduate students meet albert einstein guest.
october 4 – dick tracy, comic strip detective character created cartoonist chester gould, makes debut appearance in detroit mirror newspaper.
october 5 – american aviators clyde edward pangborn , hugh herndon, jr., complete first non-stop flight across pacific ocean, misawa, japan, east wenatchee, washington, in 41½ hours.
october 11 – rally in bad harzburg, germany leads harzburg front being founded, uniting nsdap, dnvp, stahlhelm , various other right-wing fractions.
october 17

american gangster al capone sentenced 11 years in prison tax evasion in chicago.
leeds bradford international airport opened leeds , bradford municipal aerodrome in england.


october 24 – george washington bridge across hudson river in united states dedicated; opens traffic following day. @ 3,500 feet (1,100 m), doubles previous record longest main span in world.
october 27 – united kingdom general election results in victory of national government , defeat of labour party in country s greatest ever electoral landslide.

november


november 7

the chinese soviet republic proclaimed mao zedong.
red china news agency, predecessor xinhua news agency, officially founded , news wire service start in ruijin, jiangxi province, china.


november 8

french police launch large-scale raid against corsican bandits.
the panama canal closed couple of weeks due damage caused earthquakes.


november 21 – infamous red-and-white party, given arthur jeffress in maud allan s regent s park townhouse in london, marks end of bright young things subculture in britain.
november 25

ali fethi okyar forms new government in turkey (third government).
release of james whale s film of frankenstein in new york city.


november 26 – heavy hydrogen, later named deuterium, discovered american chemist harold urey.

december


december 5 – original cathedral of christ saviour in moscow (1883) dynamited order of joseph stalin.
december 8 – carl friedrich goerdeler appointed reich price commissioner in germany enforce deflationary policies of brüning government.
december 9 – spanish constituent cortes approves spanish constitution of 1931, establishing second spanish republic.
december 10

jane addams became first american woman awarded nobel peace prize.
niceto alcalá-zamora elected president of spanish republic.


december 11 – parliament of united kingdom enacts statute of westminster, establishes status of legislative equality between self-governing dominions of commonwealth of australia, dominion of canada, irish free state, newfoundland, dominion of new zealand , union of south africa.
december 13 – wakatsuki reijirō resigns prime minister of japan.
december 26 – phi iota alpha, oldest surviving latino fraternity, founded in united states.

date unknown

ust-abakanskoye becomes abakan.




^ new delhi: inaugural ceremony . times (45744). london. 1931-02-11. p. 12. 
^ wiley post . centennialofflight.gov. archived original on october 8, 2012. 
^ bbc history, july 2011, p12.
^ j&k observes martyrs` day: cm omar pays tributes . zee news. 2011-07-13. retrieved 2011-12-18. 
^ pangborn-herndon memorial site . aviation: sand dunes sonic booms. national park service. retrieved 2012-05-31. 
^ red , white party . cocktails elvira. 2011-10-26. retrieved 2014-01-30.