Nordic Countries High-speed rail in Europe

1 nordic countries

1.1 denmark
1.2 finland
1.3 norway
1.4 sweden

nordic countries
denmark

the planned high-speed rail lines in denmark. fehmarn belt fixed link (orange), ringsted-fehmarn (red), copenhagen-ringsted , oresund bridge (blue). planned @ least 200 km/h

denmark not have high-speed lines, maximum permitted speed 180 km/h, has commenced construction of 1 high-speed line , upgrade of line high-speed level.

denmark s 2 biggest cities, copenhagen , aarhus, 300 km apart, , there political target reach two-hour traveling time, , 200 km/h set target speed. parts planned rerouted because present railway curvy there , designed higher 200 km/h.

the top speed of parts of main lines allow trains travel @ 180 km/h, these small sections of main lines passed onto slower sections around 140–160 km/h. parts of rail network unelectrified - slowing acceleration , top speed. since 2007 has been common practice infrastructure provider banedanmark pad timetables time near european record, resulting in railway companies utilize top speeds make lost time. of rolling stock running on danish rail network capable of reaching 200 km - these are: sj 2000, ice td , ic4.

denmark s unique signalling system, contains numerous obsolete components, being replaced new one, ertms 2, finished in 2021. requirement speeds higher 180 km/h.

construction of new 60 km copenhagen–ringsted line, allow speeds 250 km/h began in 2012. furthermore, railway line towards future fehmarn belt fixed link upgraded 160 km/h in 2010, , upgraded 200 km/h doubletracked line in 2021. once these 2 projects finished denmark able link swedish high-speed lines rest of european high-speed rail network - assuming germany builds high-speed link between hamburg , fehmarn (their plan stay @ 160 km/h cost reasons)

in 2013 danish government (consisting of parties: social democrats, danish social liberal party , socialist people s party) along supporting party red–green alliance , opposition party danish people s party entered ambitious political agreement on infrastructure project called train fund dk . main component of agreement raise taxes on oil companies operating in danish parts of north sea in order raise 2,8 billion pounds earmarked railway upgrades. first priority close travelling time between denmark s 2 biggest cities, copenhagen , aarhus 2 hours. includes upgrading main lines handle speeds 200 km/h , building 3 new high-speed lines speeds 250 km/h, later can upgraded 300 km/h. furthermore, main lines , many regional lines electrified

finland

running speeds on finnish railway network.

in finland national railway company vr operates tilting alstom pendolino trains. trains reach maximum speed of 220 km/h in regular operation on 60 kilometre route between kerava , lahti. portion of track opened in 2006. trains can run @ 200 km/h on longer route between helsinki , seinäjoki , peak @ speed between helsinki , turku. main railway line between helsinki , oulu being upgraded between seinäjoki , oulu allow trains run @ speeds between 160 , 200 km/h. other parts of finnish railway network limited lower speed.

a new service called allegro started between helsinki , saint petersburg, russia, in december 2010 journey time of 3½ hours. utilizes new pendolino model, supporting both finnish , russian standards. 4 new trains have been delivered, top speed of 220 km/h.

between 2007 , 2010 russian line finnish border saint petersburg electrified , improved allow higher running speeds. finnish line (riihimäki – saint petersburg railway) upgraded needed, 200 km/h.

norway

the flytoget @ oslo station, norway

norway has several high speed stretches radiating oslo. these have speeds ranging 200 km/h 250 km/h. several new railroad stretches under construction , complete intercity triangle oslo finished 2030.

norway s high-speed line 64 km gardermobanen (the gardermoen railway), links oslo airport (osl) metropolitan areas of oslo. here flytoget (the airport express train) , of nsb (norwegian state railways) trains operate @ speeds of 210 km/h (130 mph). gardermobanen contributes give rail transport relatively high market share. 38% of osl passengers come train, 21% bus, , 40% car.

some more new high-speed lines planned built in oslo region, during 2010 , 2020 decades. today, however, small parts of norway s rail network permit speed faster 130 km/h.

there political climate building more high-speed railway services in norway, including long-distance lines oslo trondheim, bergen, stavanger , gothenburg. assumed dedicated single-track high-speed railways having 250 km/h (160 mph). still @ feasibility planning stages.

the norwegian government examining fives lines radiating out oslo bergen, kristiansand/stavanger, trondheim, göteborg, , stockholm. sixth line coastal line between bergen, haugesund , stavanger. @ least 2 investigations on cost , benefit have been made. more indepth analysis covering route analysis of 6 lines made on order norwegian government beginning late 2010.

the closest 50–100 km oslo on each of these lines have potential regional trains (except direction stockholm). upgrade , new construction high-speed standard have extent taken place gardermobanen. more being built , planned, present ambition take decades have high-speed standard closest 100 km oslo on these lines. ambition day have 200 km/h or more halden, skien, hønefoss , hamar. these projects have higher priority long-distance projects. preconditions long-distance projects, since used long-distance trains.

parts of new built route drammen - tønsberg in operation trains (stadler flirt) capable of 200 km/h. new route planned finished in entirety in 2015, partly permitting 250 km/h.

sweden


swedish high-speed network

sweden today runs many trains @ 200 km/h (120 mph), including x2 tilting trains, widebody , double-decker regional trains, , arlanda airport express x3. since both x2 , x3 allowed run @ 205 km/h (127 mph) in case of delay, can technically considered high-speed trains. x2 runs between many cities in sweden including stockholm, gothenburg, malmö. arlanda express trains connect stockholm , stockholm-arlanda airport.

newly built lines such west coast line, svealand line , bothnia line of network can relatively upgraded 250 km/h (160 mph). requires new signalling system, new trains , perhaps other minor efforts. old main lines difficult upgrade due costs increasing bearing of track. bridges , long sections of main lines need rebuilt allow 250 km/h.

there investigations regarding high-speed trains in sweden, , evaluate if western , southern mainline should upgraded 250 km/h or if whole new network of high-speed railway 280–320 km/h (170–200 mph) should built between stockholm–linköping–jönköping–gothenburg , between jönköping–malmö–copenhagen. plan ease situation on existing railways relatively congested, combined better travel times between both largest 3 cities in sweden, fast regional trains between cities along routes (which today in many cases have no or slow railways).

an informal date suggestion banverket operation year 2030. 2 parts (södertälje–linköping , mölnlycke–bollebygd) detailed planning done, , expected have construction start around 2017 , in operation around 2025.

many of newly built railway lines in sweden adapted speeds 250 km/h, such botniabanan, grödingebanan, mälarbanan, svealandsbanan, västkustbanan, , vänernbanan. problem slowing down high-speed rail in sweden present signaling system (atc), not allow speeds on 200 km/h. can upgraded, not done since shall replaced european signaling system ertms level 2 on major lines in near future, allowing high speeds 250 km/h. ertms level 2 has been installed , being tried out on botniabanan, , railway allows 250 km/h, although no passenger train goes above 200 now. train set x55-regina has been delivered rail company sj max speed of 200 km/h option upgrade emu 250 km/h when possible. mix freight trains slow down practical speed.

there 4 major high-speed projects proposed in sweden speeds between 250 , 350 km/h (160–220 mph).

norrbotniabanan, umeå – luleå, future major rail project built 250 km/h mixed passenger , freight traffic in northern sweden, relieve highly congested , old single track main line through upper norrland increase freight traffic, , speed passenger traffic along coast.
ostlänken: järna – linköping, relieve congested , slow conventional main lines on stretch järna-linköping, södra stambanan.
götalandsbanan: gothenburg – borås – jönköping – linköping, connecting ostlänken. reduce travel time gothenburg-stockholm 3.05 h 2h, , improve regional travel times.
europabanan: jönköping – hässleholm , helsingborg. discussed extension helsingör (tunnel under oresund) , copenhagen, (2016) unlikely due danish resistance.

the 3 first listed, not europabanan, have been prospected trafikverket. in several cases detailed alignment have been decided.

the swedish conservative government 2006-2014 showed little interest in major railway projects. socialist/environmentalist government has 2014 started further negotiations on stations , other alignment. there plan start building gothenburg – borås , ostlänken in 2019. other railways expected built years after.