Reflexes in Slavic languages Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony

1 reflexes in slavic languages

1.1 ert
1.2 ort
1.3 tert , tort
1.4 tьrt , tъrt

reflexes in slavic languages
ert

ort

metathesis occurred in slavic dialects. in south slavic dialects (slovene, serbo-croatian, macedonian, bulgarian) in czech , slovak, metathesized vowel lengthened well.

in east slavic , lechitic branch of west slavic, outcome dependent upon proto-slavic accent: in acuted syllables, output same in south slavic , czech-slovak, on circumflexed syllables, metathesized vowel did not lengthen.

psl. = proto-slavic proper, stage before both loss of distinctive vowel length , change *a > *o
cs = common slavic, late proto-slavic, last recontructable ancestor of slavic languages

compare following reflexes:

if syllable not acuted, metathesis in west , east slavic occurred without lengthening epsl. *a retains short quantity , yields /o/; compare epsl. *ȃlkuti ( elbow ) > serbo-croatian lȃkat czech loket.

tert , tort

word-medially, on other hand, there 3 primary outcomes:

as result of dialect-specific changes occurring before , after cluster resolution (metathesis/pleophony), outcomes in various languages diverse , complex. example, in north-west lechitic (northern kashubian, slovincian, pomeranian , polabian) , east slavic, *calc , *celc merged *calc prior cluster resolution:

in polish , sorbian, metathesis occurred without lengthening: polish brzeg, mleko, groch, młot opposed ocs brěgъ, mlěko, slovene gràh, ocs mlatъ.
in north-west lechitic, *calc , *celc yielded clŭc (polabian glåvă ‘head’, å < ъ), *cerc > crec (without lengthening, in polish) while in *carc, ar becomes ŭr, word-initially under acute (polabian råmą ‘arm’ < *rъmę < *armę), did not undergo metathesis. compare polabian porsą, slovene prasè , pomerian gard (often in toponymics białogard) ocs gradъ (note unchanged ar in *gardŭ have yielded or in pomeranian).
in czech , slovak, word-medial metathesis occurred lengthening in south slavic: czech mlat, hrách, polish młot, groch /o/.
the east slavic languages have pleophonic *carc > coroc, *cerc > cerec , *calc/*celc > coloc: russian górod, béreg, mólot, molokó.

tьrt , tъrt